Research Progress on the Application of Intervention Mapping in Tertiary Prevention of Cancer / 中国医学科学院学报

Intervention mapping (IM) is a framework for formulating theory-and evidence-based health education projects with participatory approaches from ecological perspectives.The intervention program designed via IM plays a role in reducing the exposure of cancer risk factors,increasing cancer prevention behaviors,and promoting early cancer screening and rehabilitation of cancer patients.This study summarizes the characteristics,implementation steps,and application status of IM in tertiary prevention of cancer,aiming to provide reference for the application of IM in the health education projects for cancer in China.

Analysis on the status quo of the awareness rate of core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment and its influencing factors among residents in Liaoning Province in 2021 / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective: To analyze the status quo of the knowledge and related factors of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in Liaoning Province in 2021. Methods: From August to November 2021, through network sampling method, 17 474 permanent residents aged 15-69 years in Liaoning Province were surveyed. The WeChat public account was used to collect information such as demographic characteristics and core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment. The Chi-square test was used to compare the difference of the level of the cancer prevention and treatment knowledge among different groups. The multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the related factors. Results: Among the 17 474 subjects, 43.1% (7 528) were male and 58.7% (10 262) were urban residents. The overall awareness rate was 72.3%, and the awareness rate of cancer cognition, prevention, early diagnosis and treatment, cancer management and rehabilitation were 71.4%, 67.6%, 72.7%, 83.4% and 63.5%, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that the residents who were man (OR: 0.850, 95%CI: 0.781-0.925), in rural areas (OR: 0.753, 95%CI: 0.694-0.817), 55-59 years old (OR: 0.851, 95%CI: 0.751-0.963), quitters (OR: 0.721, 95%CI: 0.640-0.813) and smoker (OR: 0.724, 95%CI: 0.654-0.801) had lower awareness rates, while the residents who were 35-54 years old (OR: 1.312, 95%CI: 1.202-1.432), with an educational level of junior high school/senior high school/college degree or above (OR: 1.834-5.130, 95%CI: 1.575-6.047), technical personnel (OR: 1.592, 95%CI: 1.367-1.854), civil servant/institution staff (OR: 1.282, 95%CI: 1.094-1.503), enterprise/business/service staff (OR: 1.218, 95%CI: 1.071-1.385), retired (OR: 1.324, 95%CI: 1.114-1.573) and with family history of cancer (OR: 1.369, 95%CI: 1.266-1.481) had higher awareness rates. Conclusion: The level of the awareness of core knowledge of cancer prevention and treatment among residents in Liaoning Province has met the requirements of the Healthy China Action. Region, gender, education level, age, family history of cancer and smoking are relevant factors.

Astragaloside in cancer chemoprevention and therapy / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

Tumor chemoprevention and treatment are two approaches aimed at improving the survival of patients with cancers. An ideal anti-tumor drug is that which not only kills tumor cells but also alleviates tumor-causing risk factors, such as precancerous lesions, and prevents tumor recurrence. Chinese herbal monomers are considered to be ideal treatment agents due to their multi-target effects. Astragaloside has been shown to possess tumor chemoprevention, direct anti-tumor, and chemotherapeutic drug sensitization effects. In this paper, we review the effects of astragaloside on tumor prevention and treatment and provide directions for further research.

Stability indicating Rp-UPLC method development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of fosnetupitant and palonosetron in bulk and injection dosage form

Abstract A stability indicating UPLC method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of fosnetupitant and palonosetron in bulk and in injection dosage form. This combination is used for the prevention of acute and delayed nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeated courses of highly emetogenic chemotherapy for cancer. The chromatographic analysis was performed on an HSS, RP C18 column (2.1 x 100 mm, 1.8 µm) with an isocratic mobile phase composed of 0.25 M potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate buffer (pH 6.5), pH adjusted with dilute sodium hydroxide:acetonitrile (55:45 v/v), at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min, and the eluents were monitored at an isosbestic point of 286 nm. The developed method was validated according to the ICH guidelines pertaining to specificity, precision, accuracy, linearity and robustness, and the stability indicating nature of the method was established by forced degradation studies. The retention times of fosnetupitant and palonosetron were observed at 1.390 and 2.404 min, respectively. The developed method proved to be accurate and precise. Linearity was established between 4.70 and 14.10 µg/mL for fosnetupitant and between 0.05 and 0.15 µg/mL for palonosetron. The LOD and LOQ were 0.115 and 0.385 µg/mL, respectively, for fosnetupitant, and 0.005 and 0.016 µg/mL, respectively, for palonosetron. Therefore, the proposed UPLC method was reliable, reproducible, precise and sensitive for the quantification of fosnetupitant and palonosetron.

Novos Rumos da Política de Controle do Câncer no Brasil / New Trends of the Cancer Control Policy in Brazil / Nuevas Direcciones de la Política de Control del Cáncer en Brasil

As últimas estimativas mundiais de incidência e mortalidade relacionadas ao câncer apontam para a necessidade de adoção de medidas sustentáveis de prevenção e controle do câncer, especialmente nos países com baixo nível de desenvolvimento econômico e naqueles em desenvolvimento, onde se inclui o Brasil1. Essas estratégias perpassam, necessariamente, pela adoção e fortalecimento de políticas públicas que apoiem o planejamento e a priorização de medidas de controle do câncer

Sustainable measures for cancer prevention and control are deemed necessary as the recent world estimates of cancer-related incidence and mortality indicate, mostly for low economic income countries and in development as Brazil1. Necessarily, these strategies beget the adoption and strengthening of supportive public policies for planning and prioritization of cancer control

Acesso e acessibilidade ao rastreamento de câncer em mulheres brasileiras com lesão medular / Acceso y accesibilidad al rastreo de cáncer en mujeres brasileñas con lesión medular / Access and accessibility to cancer screening for Brazilian women with spinal cord injury

Resumo Objetivo identificar e analisar a acessibilidade e o acesso de mulheres brasileiras com lesão medular para a realização de exames preventivos do câncer de mama e colo de útero. Método estudo quantitativo e transversal desenvolvido em plataforma virtual. Realizadas análises estatísticas descritivas e de associação entre as variáveis qualitativas por meio do teste exato de Fisher. Quando identificada a associação (p<0,05), foi realizada a regressão logística. Resultados participaram 120 mulheres brasileiras com lesão medular com idades entre 25 e 67 anos; 85,83% foram ao ginecologista após a lesão medular, 79,17% realizaram a citologia e 52,50%, a mamografia. Observou-se que as mulheres que utilizavam a saúde suplementar apresentaram maior probabilidade de terem ido ao ginecologista do que as usuárias do serviço público. Aquelas com companheiro e as de maior idade apresentaram maior probabilidade de terem realizado o exame de citologia. Para a mamografia, aquelas de maior idade e que utilizavam a saúde suplementar apresentaram maiores chances de terem realizado o exame de mamografia após a lesão medular. Conclusão mulheres com lesão medular buscam a realização de exames de rastreamento. Entretanto, encontram dificuldades relacionadas à estrutura física, aos equipamentos, transporte, profissionais da saúde, assim como dificuldades sociodemográficas e quanto ao serviço de saúde utilizado.

Resumen Objetivo este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar y analizar la accesibilidad y el acceso de mujeres brasileñas con lesión medular para la realización de exámenes preventivos de cáncer de mama y de cuello uterino. Método se desarrolló un estudio cuantitativo y transversal, realizado en un entorno virtual. Los análisis estadísticos descriptivos y la asociación entre variables cualitativas se realizaron mediante la prueba exacta de Fisher, cuando se identificó una asociación se realizó una regresión logística. Resultados participaron 120 mujeres brasileñas con lesión medular, la edad de las participantes varió de 25 a 67 años. Con relación al rastreo, el 85,83% de las mujeres acudió al ginecólogo tras la LM, el 79,17% se sometió a citología y el 52,50% a mamografía. Se observó que las mujeres que utilizaban un seguro médico privado tenían más probabilidades de haber visto a un ginecólogo que las usuarias del servicio público. Las que tenían pareja y mayores tenían más probabilidades de someterse a citología oncótica. Para la mamografía, las que eran mayores y que usaban un seguro médico privado tenían más probabilidades de someterse al examen después de la LM. Conclusión las mujeres con LM buscan pruebas de detección. Sin embargo, enfrentan dificultades relacionadas con la estructura física, equipamientos, transporte, profesionales de la salud, así como dificultades sociodemográficas relacionadas con el tipo de servicio de salud utilizado.

Abstract Objective to identify and analyze the accessibility and accessibility of Brazilian women with spinal cord injury to preventive examinations for breast and cervical cancer. Method quantitative and cross-sectional study developed in a virtual platform. Descriptive statistical analysis was performed, as well as association analysis between qualitative variables using Fisher's exact test. When identified the association (p<0.05), logistic regression was performed. Results a total of 120 Brazilian women with spinal cord injury, aged between 25 and 67 years participated in the study; 85.83% visited a gynecologist after the spinal cord injury, 79.17% underwent cytology and 52.50% underwent mammography. It was observed that women who used the supplementary health plan were more likely to have visited a gynecologist than those who used the public service. Those who had a partner and were older were more likely to have undergone the cytology exam. For mammography, those who were older and who used supplementary health care were more likely to have had mammography exams after the spinal cord injury. Conclusion women with spinal cord injury seek screening tests. However, they encounter difficulties related to the physical structure, equipment, transportation, health professionals, as well as socio-demographic difficulties and difficulties regarding the health service used.

El consumo de café: su asociación con el riesgo de padecer cáncer / Coffee consumption: its association with the risk of cancer

RESUMEN El café y su impacto en la salud es un tema en el que resulta válido profundizar. Históricamente, el consumo de café se ha asociado con efectos adversos, como problemas cardiovasculares y varios tipos de cáncer. Pero en gran cantidad de fuentes bibliográficas contemporáneas se enfatiza en los efectos beneficiosos de su consumo, sin mencionar los daños que puede ocasionar a la salud. Se hace esta revisión bibliográfica con el objetivo de profundizar en lo más actualizado sobre los beneficios y perjuicios del consumo del café y su relación con la aparición del cáncer. En la revisión se consultaron artículos de las bases de datos PubMed, SciELO, ClinicalKey y LILACS. Se constató que el consumo de café no se asocia con la aparición de diferentes tipos de cánceres, y que el consumo moderado aporta propiedades protectoras para la salud. Teniendo en cuenta el carácter multifactorial del cáncer, los autores consideran que suponer que el consumo de esta bebida puede impedir carcinogénesis, es una tesis que debe ser interpretada con cautela (AU).

ABSTRACT Coffee and its impact on health is a topic on which it is valid to deepen. Historically, coffee consumption has been associated with side effects, such as cardiovascular problems and several types of cancer. But many contemporary bibliographic sources emphasize the beneficial effects of its consumption, without mentioning the damage it can cause to health. This bibliographic review is done with the aim of deepening into the most updated knowledge about the benefits and harms of coffee consumption and its relationship with the appearance of cancer. Articles from PubMed, SciELO, ClinicalKey and LILACS databases were reviewed. It was found that coffee consumption is not associated with the appearance of different types of cancers, and that moderate consumption provides protective properties for health. In view of the multifactorial character of cancer, the authors consider that assuming that the consumption of this drink can prevent carcinogenesis is a thesis that should be taken with caution (AU).

Escala de valoración del deterioro del paciente oncológico pediátrico hospitalizado, Hospital Escuela, Tegucigalpa, 2017-2019 / Assessment scale of the deterioration of the hospitalized pediatric oncological patient, Hospital Escuela, Tegucigalpa, 2017-2019

Antecedentes: El proceso de validación de un sistema pediátrico de alerta temprana para predicción de riesgo de eventos de deterioro debe realizarse en cada institución. Objetivo: Determinar si la Escala de Valoración de Alerta Temprana para Honduras (EVATH) tiene utilidad predictiva para evento de deterioro en el paciente oncológico pediátrico hospitalizado. Métodos: Estudio de casos y controles llevado a cabo en la sala de Hemato-Oncología Pediátrica, Hospital Escuela, mayo 2017 a mayo 2019 que incluyó un grupo caso, pacientes que presentaron evento de deterioro (44) y un grupo control, pacientes no evento de deterioro (88). Se utilizó puntaje/categoría EVATH para riesgo bajo 0-2, moderado 3-4, alto ≥5. Resultados: Edad 7-12 años, 43.1% (19/44) grupo caso y 2-6 años, 34.1% (30/88) controles. Fueron masculinos 61.4% (27/44) grupo caso y femenino 52.3% (46/88) control. El diagnóstico fue Leucemia Linfoblástica Aguda grupo caso 50.0% (22/44) y controles 61.4% (54/88). La condición de egreso fue vivo en el grupo caso 75% (33/44) y 100.0% (88/88) en los controles. Los fallecimientos ocurrieron en el grupo caso 25% (11/44), (IC95% 13.2-40.3). La clasificación de riesgo según EVATH bajo riesgo 31.8% (14/44) grupo caso y 100.0% (88/88) en controles. Discusión. Se identificó utilidad predictiva de evento de deterioro utilizando estratificación de riesgo en categorías (AUC- ROC=0.841; IC95% 79.1-93.4) o utilizando solo el puntaje (AUC- ROC=0.860; IC95% 0.776-0.943). El punto de corte de la EVATH se demostró en el puntaje ≥3 con sensibilidad de 68.2% (IC95% 53.3-83.08) y especificidad de 100% (IC95% 99.4-100) con VPN 86.8% (IC95% 79.1-93.4)...(AU)

Aspectos epidemiológicos de tumores malignos atendidos en el hospital de Solca - Guayaquil, periodo 2015 - 2019 / Epidemiological aspects of malignant tumors treated at the Solca - Guayaquil hospital, period 2015 - 2019

Los tumores malignos vienen incrementándose en los últimos años, por lo que se viene determinando el grupo más frecuente y su impacto para mejorar las estrategias de acuerdo a los escenarios locales. Determinar los aspectos epidemiológicos de los tumores malignos atendidos en el hospital de la Sociedad de Lucha Contra el Cáncer en el Ecuador (SOLCA) ­ Guayaquil. Se realizó un estudio observacional de diseño de investigación tipo corte transversal descriptivo, en los pacientes diagnosticados con tumor maligno; tomando una población de 19871 pacientes, diagnosticados en el hospital de SOLCA ­ Guayaquil, período 2015 ­ 2019. Los sujetos fueron los pacientes con tumor maligno. Aplicando estadísticas descriptivas y comparación entre variables. Los tumores malignos en ambos sexos presentan al de Mama con 16,39% como el más frecuente. La mayor proporción de los tumores en hombres fue el de órganos genitales con 25,73%; mientras que en mujeres fuera Mama con 27,05%- La población más afectada fueron las mujeres con el 60,35%. El grupo etario más afectado en hombres fue de 65 ­ 69 años con 12,56%, y en mujeres de 50 ­ 54 años con 11,44%. Conclusiones. El comportamiento epidemiológico en este quinquenio, evidenció que el Tumor de Mama en la mujer y de órganos genitales masculinos en el hombre son los más frecuentes; siendo las mujeres más afectadas; y en ambos sexos en los grupos etarios de 50 a 69 años; constituyendo una herramienta para destacar el papel del registro de cáncer hospitalario y su uso en los programas de prevención y control.

Malignant tumors have been increasing in recent years, so the most frequent group and its impact have been determined to improve strategies according to local scenarios. Determine the epidemiological aspects of malignant tumors treated at the hospital of the Society for the Fight Against Cancer in Ecuador (SOLCA) ­ Guayaquil. Observational study of a descriptive crosssectional research design was carried out in patients diagnosed with a malignant tumor; taking a population of 19871 patients, diagnosed in the SOLCA hospital ­ Guayaquil, period 2015 ­ 2019. The subjects were patients with malignant tumor. Applying descriptive statistics and comparison between variables. Malignant tumors in both sexes present the breast tumor with 16,39% as the most frequent. The highest proportion of tumors in men was the genital organs with 25,73%; while in women it was Mama with 27,05% ­ The most affected population was women with 60,35%. The age group most affected in men was 65-69 years with 12,56%, and in women 50-54 years with 11,44%. Conclusions. The epidemiological behavior in this five-year period showed that the Breast Tumor in women and of the male genital organs in men are the most frequent; being the women most affected; and in both sexes in the age groups from 50 to 69 years; constituting a tool to highlight the role of the hospital cancer registry and its use in prevention and control programs.